“We do not inherit the world from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children. Duty on us is to return it to them in the absolute situation". (Tribe unknown-Native American proverbs).
Environment, is a term that encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof and the interaction forms the Ecology and results an Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment. Focusing ecosystem concept, the idea is that living organisms are continually engaged in a highly interrelated set of relationships with every other element constituting the environment in which they exist.
Nature is too gracious in blessing; Universal natural resources and physical phenomena lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge, and magnetism etc.
Life is said to be simply the characteristic state of organisms. The biosphere is the part of Earth's outer shell — including air, land, surface rocks and water — within which life occurs, and which biotic processes in turn alter or transform.
The NESPAK’s corporate strategy on urban development vs. environment broadly encores urban livability and development’s impact and pressure on regional pollution and natural resources.
The environment is broadly divided into:
| Biological Environment |
| Plants/Flora |
| Animals/Fauna |
| Microbes |
| Humans |
| Chemical Environment |
| Physical Environment |
In recent years, urban environment has expanded to accelerate regional pollution and natural resources depletion issue, specifically:
| Protecting and enhancing environmental health in urban areas |
| Protecting regional water, soil and air quality from urban pollution |
| Minimizing the urban impact on natural resources |
| Preventing and mitigating urban impacts on natural disaster occurrence and extent. |
It is valuable to conduct integrated urban environmental planning and management. In addition, environmental indicators are used to benchmark urban environmental conditions, as well as to measure the impact on investments.
ERD capabilities
Scope of work related to Environmental Assessment in earthquake affected areas of KPK and AJK is outlined hereunder:
| Environmental Risk Assessment |
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| Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Initial Environmental Examination |
| Ecological Investigations |
| Regional Environmental Studies |
| Environmental Detailed Survey (Site Characterization/ Baseline Data of Environmental Pollution) |
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| Environmental Management and Mitigation Measures |
| Environmental Management Framework |
| Solid Waste Collection System in the Project Area |
| Landscape design |
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| Landscape Horticulture |
| Soil Restoration Plan |
| Ecological Conservation Plan |
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| Identification of Conservation Areas. |
| Environmental Hazard Mapping |
| Environmental Threshold Determination |
| Wetland Construction/Design |
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| Collection of Drinking Water sample |
| Socio Economic Studies |
| GIS based Studies |
| Park/Orchard Designing |
| Roadside Plantation |
| Aforestation/Reforestation Plan |
| Tourism Spot Development Plan |
| Drinking Water Quality |
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| Air and Noise Quality |
| Disposal Practices of Solid Waste being generated at Construction Camp |
| Water Resources and their Conservation |
| Specie Mapping |
| Botanical Garden |
| Water, Sanitation and Environment |
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| Environmental planning and strategy |
| Environmental & Ecological Conservation |
| Environmental Trainings |
| Solid Waste Management |
| Ambient Air Monitoring |
| Contaminated Sites/Phyto-remediation and Bioremediation |
| Health Safety and Environment |
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